Paper 4, Section I, E

Numbers and Sets
Part IA, 2018

State Fermat's theorem.

Let pp be a prime such that p3(mod4)p \equiv 3(\bmod 4). Prove that there is no solution to x21(modp).x^{2} \equiv-1(\bmod p) .

Show that there are infinitely many primes congruent to 1(mod4)1(\bmod 4).