(a) Suppose p is an odd prime and a an integer coprime to p. Define the Legendre symbol (pa) and state Euler's criterion.
(b) Compute (p−1) and prove that
(pab)=(pa)(pb)
whenever a and b are coprime to p.
(c) Let n be any integer such that 1⩽n⩽p−2. Let m be the unique integer such that 1⩽m⩽p−2 and mn≡1(modp). Prove that
(pn(n+1))=(p1+m)
(d) Find
n=1∑p−2(pn(n+1))