Paper 4, Section I, E

Analysis II
Part IB, 2009

Let (sn)n=1\left(s_{n}\right)_{n=1}^{\infty} be a sequence of continuous functions from R\mathbb{R} to R\mathbb{R} and let s:RRs: \mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{R} be another continuous function. What does it mean to say that snss_{n} \rightarrow s uniformly? Give examples (without proof) of a sequence (sn)\left(s_{n}\right) of nonzero functions which converges to 0 uniformly, and of a sequence which converges to 0 pointwise but not uniformly. Show that if snss_{n} \rightarrow s uniformly then

11sn(x)dx11s(x)dx\int_{-1}^{1} s_{n}(x) d x \rightarrow \int_{-1}^{1} s(x) d x

Give an example of a continuous function s:RRs: \mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{R} with s(x)0s(x) \geqslant 0 for all x,s(x)0x, s(x) \rightarrow 0 as x|x| \rightarrow \infty but for which s(x)dx\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} s(x) d x does not converge. For each positive integer nn define sn(x)s_{n}(x) to be equal to s(x)s(x) if xn|x| \leqslant n, and to be s(n)min(1,xn2)s(n) \min \left(1,|| x|-n|^{-2}\right) for x>n|x|>n. Show that the functions sns_{n} are continuous, tend uniformly to ss, and furthermore that sn(x)dx\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} s_{n}(x) d x exists and is finite for all nn.