Paper 2, Section II, F

Geometry
Part IB, 2014

Let H={x+iy:x,yR,y>0}CH=\{x+i y: x, y \in \mathbb{R}, y>0\} \subset \mathbb{C} be the upper half-plane with a hyperbolic metric g=dx2+dy2y2g=\frac{d x^{2}+d y^{2}}{y^{2}}. Prove that every hyperbolic circle CC in HH is also a Euclidean circle. Is the centre of CC as a hyperbolic circle always the same point as the centre of CC as a Euclidean circle? Give a proof or counterexample as appropriate.

Let ABCA B C and ABCA^{\prime} B^{\prime} C^{\prime} be two hyperbolic triangles and denote the hyperbolic lengths of their sides by a,b,ca, b, c and a,b,ca^{\prime}, b^{\prime}, c^{\prime}, respectively. Show that if a=a,b=ba=a^{\prime}, b=b^{\prime} and c=cc=c^{\prime}, then there is a hyperbolic isometry taking ABCA B C to ABCA^{\prime} B^{\prime} C^{\prime}. Is there always such an isometry if instead the triangles have one angle the same and a=a,b=b?a=a^{\prime}, b=b^{\prime} ? Justify your answer.

[Standard results on hyperbolic isometries may be assumed, provided they are clearly stated.]