Paper 2, Section II, F

Geometry
Part IB, 2016

(a) Let ABCA B C be a hyperbolic triangle, with the angle at AA at least π/2\pi / 2. Show that the side BCB C has maximal length amongst the three sides of ABCA B C.

[You may use the hyperbolic cosine formula without proof. This states that if a,ba, b and cc are the lengths of BC,ACB C, A C, and ABA B respectively, and α,β\alpha, \beta and γ\gamma are the angles of the triangle at A,BA, B and CC respectively, then

cosha=coshbcoshcsinhbsinhccosα.]\cosh a=\cosh b \cosh c-\sinh b \sinh c \cos \alpha .]

(b) Given points z1,z2z_{1}, z_{2} in the hyperbolic plane, let ww be any point on the hyperbolic line segment joining z1z_{1} to z2z_{2}, and let ww^{\prime} be any point not on the hyperbolic line passing through z1,z2,wz_{1}, z_{2}, w. Show that

ρ(w,w)max{ρ(w,z1),ρ(w,z2)}\rho\left(w^{\prime}, w\right) \leqslant \max \left\{\rho\left(w^{\prime}, z_{1}\right), \rho\left(w^{\prime}, z_{2}\right)\right\}

where ρ\rho denotes hyperbolic distance.

(c) The diameter of a hyperbolic triangle Δ\Delta is defined to be

sup{ρ(P,Q)P,QΔ}\sup \{\rho(P, Q) \mid P, Q \in \Delta\}

Show that the diameter of Δ\Delta is equal to the length of its longest side.