Paper 3, Section II, F

Linear Algebra
Part IB, 2016

Let α:VV\alpha: V \rightarrow V be a linear transformation defined on a finite dimensional inner product space VV over C\mathbb{C}. Recall that α\alpha is normal if α\alpha and its adjoint α\alpha^{*} commute. Show that α\alpha being normal is equivalent to each of the following statements:

(i) α=α1+iα2\alpha=\alpha_{1}+i \alpha_{2} where α1,α2\alpha_{1}, \alpha_{2} are self-adjoint operators and α1α2=α2α1\alpha_{1} \alpha_{2}=\alpha_{2} \alpha_{1};

(ii) there is an orthonormal basis for VV consisting of eigenvectors of α\alpha;

(iii) there is a polynomial gg with complex coefficients such that α=g(α)\alpha^{*}=g(\alpha).