Paper 2, Section I, 7D7 \mathrm{D}

Fluid Dynamics
Part IB, 2017

From Euler's equations describing steady inviscid fluid flow under the action of a conservative force, derive Bernoulli's equation for the pressure along a streamline of the flow, defining all variables that you introduce.

Water fills an inverted, open, circular cone (radius increasing upwards) of half angle π/4\pi / 4 to a height h0h_{0} above its apex. At time t=0t=0, the tip of the cone is removed to leave a small hole of radius ϵh0\epsilon \ll h_{0}. Assuming that the flow is approximately steady while the depth of water h(t)h(t) is much larger than ϵ\epsilon, show that the time taken for the water to drain is approximately

(225h05ϵ4g)1/2\left(\frac{2}{25} \frac{h_{0}^{5}}{\epsilon^{4} g}\right)^{1 / 2}