Paper 2, Section II, A

Complex Analysis or Complex Methods
Part IB, 2018

(a) Let f(z)f(z) be a complex function. Define the Laurent series of f(z)f(z) about z=z0z=z_{0}, and give suitable formulae in terms of integrals for calculating the coefficients of the series.

(b) Calculate, by any means, the first 3 terms in the Laurent series about z=0z=0 for

f(z)=1e2z1f(z)=\frac{1}{e^{2 z}-1}

Indicate the range of values of z|z| for which your series is valid.

(c) Let

g(z)=12z+k=1mzz2+π2k2g(z)=\frac{1}{2 z}+\sum_{k=1}^{m} \frac{z}{z^{2}+\pi^{2} k^{2}}

Classify the singularities of F(z)=f(z)g(z)F(z)=f(z)-g(z) for z<(m+1)π|z|<(m+1) \pi.

(d) By considering

CRF(z)z2dz\oint_{C_{R}} \frac{F(z)}{z^{2}} d z

where CR={z=R}C_{R}=\{|z|=R\} for some suitably chosen R>0R>0, show that

k=11k2=π26\sum_{k=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{k^{2}}=\frac{\pi^{2}}{6}