Paper 2, Section II, E

Geometry
Part IB, 2021

Define H\mathbb{H}, the upper half plane model for the hyperbolic plane, and show that PSL2(R)\operatorname{PSL}_{2}(\mathbb{R}) acts on H\mathbb{H} by isometries, and that these isometries preserve the orientation of H\mathbb{H}.

Show that every orientation preserving isometry of H\mathbb{H} is in PSL2(R)P S L_{2}(\mathbb{R}), and hence the full group of isometries of H\mathbb{H} is G=PSL2(R)PSL2(R)τG=P S L_{2}(\mathbb{R}) \cup P S L_{2}(\mathbb{R}) \tau, where τz=zˉ\tau z=-\bar{z}.

Let \ell be a hyperbolic line. Define the reflection σ\sigma_{\ell} in \ell. Now let ,\ell, \ell^{\prime} be two hyperbolic lines which meet at a point AHA \in \mathbb{H} at an angle θ\theta. What are the possibilities for the group GG generated by σ\sigma_{\ell} and σ\sigma_{\ell^{\prime}} ? Carefully justify your answer.