Paper 3, Section I, C
The electron in a hydrogen-like atom moves in a spherically symmetric potential where is a positive constant and is the radial coordinate of spherical polar coordinates. The two lowest energy spherically symmetric normalised states of the electron are given by
where and is the mass of the electron. For any spherically symmetric function , the Laplacian is given by .
(i) Suppose that the electron is in the state and its energy is measured. Find the expectation value of the result.
(ii) Suppose now that the electron is in state (as above) at time . Let be the expectation value of a measurement of the electron's radial position at time . Show that the value of oscillates sinusoidally about a constant level and determine the frequency of the oscillation.