Paper 1, Section II, G

Complex Analysis or Complex Methods
Part IB, 2021

(a) State a theorem establishing Laurent series of analytic functions on suitable domains. Give a formula for the nth n^{\text {th }}Laurent coefficient.

Define the notion of isolated singularity. State the classification of an isolated singularity in terms of Laurent coefficients.

Compute the Laurent series of

f(z)=1z(z1)f(z)=\frac{1}{z(z-1)}

on the annuli A1={z:0<z<1}A_{1}=\{z: 0<|z|<1\} and A2={z:1<z}A_{2}=\{z: 1<|z|\}. Using this example, comment on the statement that Laurent coefficients are unique. Classify the singularity of ff at 0 .

(b) Let UU be an open subset of the complex plane, let aUa \in U and let U=U\{a}U^{\prime}=U \backslash\{a\}. Assume that ff is an analytic function on UU^{\prime} with f(z)|f(z)| \rightarrow \infty as zaz \rightarrow a. By considering the Laurent series of g(z)=1f(z)g(z)=\frac{1}{f(z)} at aa, classify the singularity of ff at aa in terms of the Laurent coefficients. [You may assume that a continuous function on UU that is analytic on UU^{\prime} is analytic on UU.]

Now let f:CCf: \mathbb{C} \rightarrow \mathbb{C} be an entire function with f(z)|f(z)| \rightarrow \infty as zz \rightarrow \infty. By considering Laurent series at 0 of f(z)f(z) and of h(z)=f(1z)h(z)=f\left(\frac{1}{z}\right), show that ff is a polynomial.

(c) Classify, giving reasons, the singularity at the origin of each of the following functions and in each case compute the residue:

g(z)=exp(z)1zlog(z+1) and h(z)=sin(z)sin(1/z)g(z)=\frac{\exp (z)-1}{z \log (z+1)} \quad \text { and } \quad h(z)=\sin (z) \sin (1 / z)