A4.21

Mathematical Methods
Part II, 2002

State Watson's lemma giving an asymptotic expansion as λ\lambda \rightarrow \infty for an integral of the form

I1=0Af(t)eλtdt,A>0I_{1}=\int_{0}^{A} f(t) e^{-\lambda t} d t, \quad A>0

Show how this result may be used to find an asymptotic expansion as λ\lambda \rightarrow \infty for an integral of the form

I2=ABf(t)eλt2dt,A>0,B>0I_{2}=\int_{-A}^{B} f(t) e^{-\lambda t^{2}} d t, \quad A>0, B>0

Hence derive Laplace's method for obtaining an asymptotic expansion as λ\lambda \rightarrow \infty for an integral of the form

I3=abf(t)eλϕ(t)dtI_{3}=\int_{a}^{b} f(t) e^{\lambda \phi(t)} d t

where ϕ(t)\phi(t) is differentiable, for the cases: (i) ϕ(t)<0\phi^{\prime}(t)<0 in atba \leq t \leq b; and (ii) ϕ(t)\phi^{\prime}(t) has a simple zero at t=ct=c with a<c<ba<c<b and ϕ(c)<0\phi^{\prime \prime}(c)<0.

Find the first two terms in the asymptotic expansion as xx \rightarrow \infty of

I4=log(1+t2)ext2dtI_{4}=\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} \log \left(1+t^{2}\right) e^{-x t^{2}} d t

[You may leave your answer expressed in terms of Γ\Gamma-functions.]