3.I.2 F3 . \mathrm{I} . 2 \mathrm{~F} \quad

Topics in Analysis
Part II, 2005

Let 1x1<x2<<xn1-1 \leqslant x_{1}<x_{2}<\ldots<x_{n} \leqslant 1 and let a1,a2,,ana_{1}, a_{2}, \ldots, a_{n} be real numbers such that

11p(t)dt=i=1naip(xi)\int_{-1}^{1} p(t) d t=\sum_{i=1}^{n} a_{i} p\left(x_{i}\right)

for every polynomial pp of degree less than 2n2 n. Prove the following three facts.

(i) ai>0a_{i}>0 for every ii.

(ii) i=1nai=2\sum_{i=1}^{n} a_{i}=2.

(iii) The numbers x1,x2,,xnx_{1}, x_{2}, \ldots, x_{n} are the roots of the Legendre polynomial of degree nn.

[You may assume standard orthogonality properties of the Legendre polynomials.]