Let −1⩽x1<x2<…<xn⩽1 and let a1,a2,…,an be real numbers such that
∫−11p(t)dt=i=1∑naip(xi)
for every polynomial p of degree less than 2n. Prove the following three facts.
(i) ai>0 for every i.
(ii) ∑i=1nai=2.
(iii) The numbers x1,x2,…,xn are the roots of the Legendre polynomial of degree n.
[You may assume standard orthogonality properties of the Legendre polynomials.]