4.I.8A

Further Complex Methods
Part II, 2005

Write down necessary and sufficient conditions on the functions p(z)p(z) and q(z)q(z) for the point z=0z=0 to be (i) an ordinary point and (ii) a regular singular point of the equation

w+p(z)w+q(z)w=0.w^{\prime \prime}+p(z) w^{\prime}+q(z) w=0 .

Show that the point z=z=\infty is an ordinary point if and only if

p(z)=2z1+z2P(z1),q(z)=z4Q(z1),p(z)=2 z^{-1}+z^{-2} P\left(z^{-1}\right), \quad q(z)=z^{-4} Q\left(z^{-1}\right),

where PP and QQ are analytic in a neighbourhood of the origin.

Find the most general equation of the form ()(*) that has a regular singular point at z=0z=0 but no other singular points.