4.I.1H

Number Theory
Part II, 2006

Let xx be a real number greater than or equal to 2 , and define

P(x)=px(11p)P(x)=\prod_{p \leqslant x}\left(1-\frac{1}{p}\right)

where the product is taken over all primes pp which are less than or equal to xx. Prove that P(x)0P(x) \rightarrow 0 as xx \rightarrow \infty, and deduce that p1p\sum_{p} \frac{1}{p} diverges when the summation is taken over all primes pp.