4.II.18H

Galois Theory
Part II, 2006

Let KK be a field of characteristic different from 2 .

Show that if L/KL / K is an extension of degree 2 , then L=K(x)L=K(x) for some xLx \in L such that x2=aKx^{2}=a \in K. Show also that if L=K(y)L^{\prime}=K(y) with 0y2=bK0 \neq y^{2}=b \in K then LL and LL^{\prime} are isomorphic (as extensions of KK ) if and only b/ab / a is a square in KK.

Now suppose that F=K(x1,,xn)F=K\left(x_{1}, \ldots, x_{n}\right) where 0xi2=aiK0 \neq x_{i}^{2}=a_{i} \in K. Show that F/KF / K is a Galois extension, with Galois group isomorphic to (Z/2Z)m(\mathbb{Z} / 2 \mathbb{Z})^{m} for some mnm \leqslant n. By considering the subgroups of Gal(F/K)\operatorname{Gal}(F / K), show that if KLFK \subset L \subset F and [L:K]=2[L: K]=2, then L=K(y)L=K(y) where y=iIxiy=\prod_{i \in I} x_{i} for some subset I{1,,n}I \subset\{1, \ldots, n\}.