Paper 4, Section II, G

Number Theory
Part II, 2009

Let s=σ+its=\sigma+i t, where σ\sigma and tt are real, and for σ>1\sigma>1 let

ζ(s)=n=11ns\zeta(s)=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{n^{s}}

Prove that ζ(s)\zeta(s) has no zeros in the half plane σ>1\sigma>1. Show also that for σ>1\sigma>1,

1ζ(s)=n=1μ(n)ns\frac{1}{\zeta(s)}=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{\mu(n)}{n^{s}}

where μ\mu denotes the Möbius function. Assuming that ζ(s)1s1\zeta(s)-\frac{1}{s-1} has an analytic continuation to the half plane σ>0\sigma>0, show that if s=1+its=1+i t, with t0t \neq 0, and ζ(s)=0\zeta(s)=0 then ss is at most a simple zero of ζ\zeta.