Paper 3, Section II, D

Statistical Physics
Part II, 2009

Consider an ideal Bose gas in an external potential such that the resulting density of single particle states is given by

g(ε)=Bε7/2g(\varepsilon)=B \varepsilon^{7 / 2}

where BB is a positive constant.

(i) Derive an expression for the critical temperature for Bose-Einstein condensation of a gas of NN of these atoms.

[Recall

1Γ(n)0xn1 dxz1ex1==1zn]\left.\frac{1}{\Gamma(n)} \int_{0}^{\infty} \frac{x^{n-1} \mathrm{~d} x}{z^{-1} e^{x}-1}=\sum_{\ell=1}^{\infty} \frac{z^{\ell}}{\ell^{n}}\right]

(ii) What is the internal energy EE of the gas in the condensed state as a function of NN and TT ?

(iii) Now consider the high temperature, classical limit instead. How does the internal energy EE depend on NN and TT ?