(i) Let n⩾1 and let x1,…,xn be distinct points in [−1,1]. Show that there exist numbers A1,…,An such that
∫−11P(x)dx=j=1∑nAjP(xj)
for every polynomial P of degree ⩽n−1.
(ii) Explain, without proof, how one can choose the points x1,…,xn and the numbers A1,…,An such that (∗) holds for all polynomials P of degree ⩽2n−1.