Paper 4, Section II, G

Number Theory
Part II, 2010

Let S\mathcal{S} be the set of all positive definite binary quadratic forms with integer coefficients. Define the action of the group SL2(Z)S L_{2}(\mathbb{Z}) on S\mathcal{S}, and prove that equivalent forms under this action have the same discriminant.

Find necessary and sufficient conditions for an odd positive integer nn, prime to 35 , to be properly represented by at least one of the two forms

x2+xy+9y2,3x2+xy+3y2x^{2}+x y+9 y^{2}, \quad 3 x^{2}+x y+3 y^{2}