Paper 1, Section II, G

Riemann Surfaces
Part II, 2010

Given a lattice ΛC\Lambda \subset \mathbb{C}, we may define the corresponding Weierstrass \wp-function to be the unique even Λ\Lambda-periodic elliptic function \wp with poles only on Λ\Lambda and for which (z)1/z20\wp(z)-1 / z^{2} \rightarrow 0 as z0z \rightarrow 0. For wΛw \notin \Lambda, we set

f(z)=det(111(z)(w)(zw)(z)(w)(zw))f(z)=\operatorname{det}\left(\begin{array}{ccc} 1 & 1 & 1 \\ \wp(z) & \wp(w) & \wp(-z-w) \\ \wp^{\prime}(z) & \wp^{\prime}(w) & \wp^{\prime}(-z-w) \end{array}\right)

an elliptic function with periods Λ\Lambda. By considering the poles of ff, show that ff has valency at most 4 (i.e. is at most 4 to 1 on a period parallelogram).

If w13Λw \notin \frac{1}{3} \Lambda, show that ff has at least six distinct zeros. If w13Λw \in \frac{1}{3} \Lambda, show that ff has at least four distinct zeros, at least one of which is a multiple zero. Deduce that the meromorphic function ff is identically zero.

If z1,z2,z3z_{1}, z_{2}, z_{3} are distinct non-lattice points in a period parallelogram such that z1+z2+z3Λz_{1}+z_{2}+z_{3} \in \Lambda, what can be said about the points ((zi),(zi))C2(i=1,2,3)?\left(\wp\left(z_{i}\right), \wp^{\prime}\left(z_{i}\right)\right) \in \mathbb{C}^{2}(i=1,2,3) ?