Paper 2, Section II, 14E

Further Complex Methods
Part II, 2010

Let

I(z)=iCuz1u24u+1duI(z)=i \oint_{C} \frac{u^{z-1}}{u^{2}-4 u+1} d u

where CC is a closed anti-clockwise contour which consists of the unit circle joined to a loop around a branch cut along the negative axis between 1-1 and 0 . Show that

I(z)=F(z)+G(z)I(z)=F(z)+G(z)

where

F(z)=2sin(πz)01xz1x2+4x+1dx,Rez>0F(z)=2 \sin (\pi z) \int_{0}^{1} \frac{x^{z-1}}{x^{2}+4 x+1} d x, \quad \operatorname{Re} z>0

and

G(z)=12ππei(z1)θ1+2sin2θ2dθ,zCG(z)=\frac{1}{2} \int_{-\pi}^{\pi} \frac{e^{i(z-1) \theta}}{1+2 \sin ^{2} \frac{\theta}{2}} d \theta, \quad z \in \mathbb{C}

Evaluate I(z)I(z) using Cauchy's theorem. Explain how this may be used to obtain an analytic continuation of F(z)F(z) valid for all zCz \in \mathbb{C}.