Let Fq be a finite field with q elements and Fq its algebraic closure.
(i) Give a non-zero polynomial P(X) in Fq[X1,…,Xn] such that
P(α1,…,αn)=0 for all α1,…,αn∈Fq
(ii) Show that every irreducible polynomial P(X) of degree n>0 in Fq[X] can be factored in Fq[X] as (X−α)(X−αq)(X−αq2)⋯(X−αqn−1) for some α∈Fq. What is the splitting field and the Galois group of P over Fq ?
(iii) Let n be a positive integer and Φn(X) be the n-th cyclotomic polynomial. Recall that if K is a field of characteristic prime to n, then the set of all roots of Φn in K is precisely the set of all primitive n-th roots of unity in K. Using this fact, prove that if p is a prime number not dividing n, then p divides Φn(x) in Z for some x∈Z if and only if p=an+1 for some integer a. Write down Φn explicitly for three different values of n larger than 2 , and give an example of x and p as above for each n.