Paper 1, Section II, F

Geometry of Group Actions
Part II, 2010

For which circles Γ\Gamma does inversion in Γ\Gamma interchange 0 and \infty ?

Let Γ\Gamma be a circle that lies entirely within the unit discD={zC:z<1}.\operatorname{disc} \mathbb{D}=\{z \in \mathbb{C}:|z|<1\} . Let KK be inversion in this circle Γ\Gamma, let JJ be inversion in the unit circle, and let TT be the Möbius transformation KJK \circ J. Show that, if z0z_{0} is a fixed point of TT, then

J(z0)=K(z0)J\left(z_{0}\right)=K\left(z_{0}\right)

and this point is another fixed point of TT.

By applying a suitable isometry of the hyperbolic plane D\mathbb{D}, or otherwise, show that Γ\Gamma is the set of points at a fixed hyperbolic distance from some point of D\mathbb{D}.