Paper 1, Section II, H

Linear Analysis
Part II, 2010

a) State and prove the Banach-Steinhaus Theorem.

[You may use the Baire Category Theorem without proving it.]

b) Let XX be a (complex) normed space and SXS \subset X. Prove that if {f(x):xS}\{f(x): x \in S\} is a bounded set in C\mathbb{C} for every linear functional fXf \in X^{*} then there exists K0K \geqslant 0 such that xK\|x\| \leqslant K for all xS.x \in S .

[You may use here the following consequence of the Hahn-Banach Theorem without proving it: for a given xXx \in X, there exists fXf \in X^{*} with f=1\|f\|=1 and f(x)=x|f(x)|=\|x\|.]

c) Conclude that if two norms 1\|\cdot\|_{1} and 2\|\cdot\|_{2} on a (complex) vector space VV are not equivalent, there exists a linear functional f:VCf: V \rightarrow \mathbb{C} which is continuous with respect to one of the two norms, and discontinuous with respect to the other.