Paper 3, Section II, I

Number Theory
Part II, 2011

Let ζ(s)\zeta(s) be the Riemann zeta function, and put s=σ+its=\sigma+i t with σ,tR\sigma, t \in \mathbb{R}.

(i) If σ>1\sigma>1, prove that

ζ(s)=p(1ps)1\zeta(s)=\prod_{p}\left(1-p^{-s}\right)^{-1}

where the product is taken over all primes pp.

(ii) Assuming that, for σ>1\sigma>1, we have

ζ(s)=n=1n(ns(n+1)s)\zeta(s)=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} n\left(n^{-s}-(n+1)^{-s}\right)

prove that ζ(s)1s1\zeta(s)-\frac{1}{s-1} has an analytic continuation to the half plane σ>0\sigma>0.