Paper 4, Section II, D

Dynamical Systems
Part II, 2012

What is meant by the statement that a continuous map of an interval II into itself has a horseshoe? State without proof the properties of such a map.

Define the property of chaos of such a map according to Glendinning.

A continuous map f:IIf: I \rightarrow I has a periodic orbit of period 5 , in which the elements xj,j=1,,5x_{j}, j=1, \ldots, 5 satisfy xj<xj+1,j=1,,4x_{j}<x_{j+1}, j=1, \ldots, 4 and the points are visited in the order x1x3x4x2x5x1x_{1} \rightarrow x_{3} \rightarrow x_{4} \rightarrow x_{2} \rightarrow x_{5} \rightarrow x_{1}. Show that the map is chaotic. [The Intermediate Value theorem can be used without proof.]