Paper 2, Section II, G

Algebraic Topology
Part II, 2012

State the Seifert-Van Kampen Theorem. Deduce that if f:S1Xf: S^{1} \rightarrow X is a continuous map, where XX is path-connected, and Y=XfB2Y=X \cup_{f} B^{2} is the space obtained by adjoining a disc to XX via ff, then Π1(Y)\Pi_{1}(Y) is isomorphic to the quotient of Π1(X)\Pi_{1}(X) by the smallest normal subgroup containing the image of f:Π1(S1)Π1(X)f_{*}: \Pi_{1}\left(S^{1}\right) \rightarrow \Pi_{1}(X).

State the classification theorem for connected triangulable 2-manifolds. Use the result of the previous paragraph to obtain a presentation of Π1(Mg)\Pi_{1}\left(M_{g}\right), where MgM_{g} denotes the compact orientable 2 -manifold of genus g>0g>0.