Paper 2, Section II, F

Graph Theory
Part II, 2012

Let GG be a kk-connected graph (k2)(k \geqslant 2). Let vGv \in G and let UV(G)\{v}U \subset V(G) \backslash\{v\} with Uk|U| \geqslant k. Show that GG contains kk paths from vv to UU with any two having only the vertex vv in common.

[No form of Menger's theorem or of the Max-Flow-Min-Cut theorem may be assumed without proof.]

Deduce that GG must contain a cycle of length at least kk.

Suppose further that GG has no independent set of vertices of size >k>k. Show that GG is Hamiltonian.

[Hint. If not, let CC be a cycle of maximum length in GG and let vV(G)\V(C)v \in V(G) \backslash V(C); consider the set of vertices on CC immediately preceding the endvertices of a collection of kk paths from vv to CC that have only the vertex vv in common.]