Paper 1, Section II, H

Differential Geometry
Part II, 2013

For f:XYf: X \rightarrow Y a smooth map of manifolds, define the concepts of critical point, critical value and regular value.

With the obvious identification of C\mathbf{C} with R2\mathbf{R}^{2}, and hence also of C3\mathbf{C}^{3} with R6\mathbf{R}^{6}, show that the complex-valued polynomial z13+z22+z32z_{1}^{3}+z_{2}^{2}+z_{3}^{2} determines a smooth map f:R6R2f: \mathbf{R}^{6} \rightarrow \mathbf{R}^{2} whose only critical point is at the origin. Hence deduce that V:=f1((0,0))\{0}R6V:=f^{-1}((0,0)) \backslash\{\mathbf{0}\} \subset \mathbf{R}^{6} is a 4-dimensional manifold, and find the equations of its tangent space at any given point (z1,z2,z3)V\left(z_{1}, z_{2}, z_{3}\right) \in V.

Now let S5C3=R6S^{5} \subset \mathbf{C}^{3}=\mathbf{R}^{6} be the unit 5 -sphere, defined by z12+z22+z32=1\left|z_{1}\right|^{2}+\left|z_{2}\right|^{2}+\left|z_{3}\right|^{2}=1. Given a point P=(z1,z2,z3)S5VP=\left(z_{1}, z_{2}, z_{3}\right) \in S^{5} \cap V, by considering the vector (2z1,3z2,3z3)C3=R6\left(2 z_{1}, 3 z_{2}, 3 z_{3}\right) \in \mathbf{C}^{3}=\mathbf{R}^{6} or otherwise, show that not all tangent vectors to VV at PP are tangent to S5S^{5}. Deduce that S5VR6S^{5} \cap V \subset \mathbf{R}^{6} is a compact three-dimensional manifold.

[Standard results may be quoted without proof if stated carefully.]