Paper 4, Section II, 12G12 \mathrm{G}

Geometry and Groups
Part II, 2013

Define the limit set for a Kleinian group. If your definition of the limit set requires an arbitrary choice of a base point, you should prove that the limit set does not depend on this choice.

Let Δ1,Δ2,Δ3,Δ4\Delta_{1}, \Delta_{2}, \Delta_{3}, \Delta_{4} be the four discs {zC:zc1}\{z \in \mathbb{C}:|z-c| \leqslant 1\} where cc is the point 1+i,1i,1i,1+i1+i, 1-i,-1-i,-1+i respectively. Show that there is a parabolic Möbius transformation AA that maps the interior of Δ1\Delta_{1} onto the exterior of Δ2\Delta_{2} and fixes the point where Δ1\Delta_{1} and Δ2\Delta_{2} touch. Show further that we can choose AA so that it maps the unit disc onto itself.

Let BB be the similar parabolic transformation that maps the interior of Δ3\Delta_{3} onto the exterior of Δ4\Delta_{4}, fixes the point where Δ3\Delta_{3} and Δ4\Delta_{4} touch, and maps the unit disc onto itself. Explain why the group generated by AA and BB is a Kleinian group GG. Find the limit set for the group GG and justify your answer.