Paper 1, Section II, H

Algebraic Geometry
Part II, 2014

Let kk be an algebraically closed field and n1n \geqslant 1. We say that fk[x1,,xn]f \in k\left[x_{1}, \ldots, x_{n}\right] is singular at pAnp \in \mathbf{A}^{n} if either pp is a singularity of the hypersurface {f=0}\{f=0\} or ff has an irreducible factor hh of multiplicity strictly greater than one with h(p)=0h(p)=0. Given d1d \geqslant 1, let X={fk[x1,,xn]degfd}X=\left\{f \in k\left[x_{1}, \ldots, x_{n}\right] \mid \operatorname{deg} f \leqslant d\right\} and let

Y={(f,p)X×Anf is singular at p}Y=\left\{(f, p) \in X \times \mathbf{A}^{n} \mid f \text { is singular at } p\right\}

(i) Show that XANX \simeq \mathbf{A}^{N} for some NN (you need not determine NN ) and that YY is a Zariski closed subvariety of X×AnX \times \mathbf{A}^{n}.

(ii) Show that the fibres of the projection map YAnY \rightarrow \mathbf{A}^{n} are linear subspaces of dimensionN(n+1)\operatorname{dim} e n s i o n N-(n+1). Conclude that dimY<dimX\operatorname{dim} Y<\operatorname{dim} X.

(iii) Hence show that {fXdegf=d,Z(f)\{f \in X \mid \operatorname{deg} f=d, Z(f) smooth }\} is dense in XX.

[You may use standard results from lectures if they are accurately quoted.]