Paper 3, Section II, G

Linear Analysis
Part II, 2014

(i) State carefully the theorems of Stone-Weierstrass and Arzelá-Ascoli (work with real scalars only).

(ii) Let F\mathcal{F} denote the family of functions on [0,1][0,1] of the form

f(x)=n=1ansin(nx)f(x)=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} a_{n} \sin (n x)

where the ana_{n} are real and an1/n3\left|a_{n}\right| \leqslant 1 / n^{3} for all nNn \in \mathbb{N}. Prove that any sequence in F\mathcal{F} has a subsequence that converges uniformly on [0,1][0,1].

(iii) Let f:[0,1]Rf:[0,1] \rightarrow \mathbb{R} be a continuous function such that f(0)=0f(0)=0 and f(0)f^{\prime}(0) exists. Show that for each ε>0\varepsilon>0 there exists a real polynomial pp having only odd powers, i.e. of the form

p(x)=a1x+a3x3++a2m1x2m1,p(x)=a_{1} x+a_{3} x^{3}+\cdots+a_{2 m-1} x^{2 m-1},

such that supx[0,1]f(x)p(x)<ε\sup _{x \in[0,1]}|f(x)-p(x)|<\varepsilon. Show that the same holds without the assumption that ff is differentiable at 0 .