Paper 2, Section II, A

Further Complex Methods
Part II, 2016

The Hurwitz zeta function ζH(s,q)\zeta_{\mathrm{H}}(s, q) is defined for Re(q)>0\operatorname{Re}(q)>0 by

ζH(s,q)=n=01(q+n)s\zeta_{\mathrm{H}}(s, q)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{1}{(q+n)^{s}}

State without proof the complex values of ss for which this series converges.

Consider the integral

I(s,q)=Γ(1s)2πiCdzzs1eqz1ezI(s, q)=\frac{\Gamma(1-s)}{2 \pi i} \int_{\mathcal{C}} d z \frac{z^{s-1} e^{q z}}{1-e^{z}}

where C\mathcal{C} is the Hankel contour. Show that I(s,q)I(s, q) provides an analytic continuation of the Hurwitz zeta function for all s1s \neq 1. Include in your account a careful discussion of removable singularities. [Hint: Γ(s)Γ(1s)=π/sin(πs)\Gamma(s) \Gamma(1-s)=\pi / \sin (\pi s).]

Show that I(s,q)I(s, q) has a simple pole at s=1s=1 and find its residue.