Paper 3, Section II, F
Part II, 2016
State the Completeness Theorem for the first-order predicate calculus, and deduce the Compactness Theorem.
Let be a first-order theory over a signature whose axioms all have the form where is a (possibly empty) string of variables and is quantifier-free. Show that every substructure of a -model is a -model, and deduce that if is consistent then it has a model in which every element is the interpretation of a closed term of . You may assume the result that if is a substructure of and is a quantifier-free formula with free variables, then .]
Now suppose where is a quantifier-free formula with one free variable . Show that there is a finite list of closed terms of such that