Paper 4, Section II, E

Asymptotic Methods
Part II, 2017

Consider solutions to the equation

d2ydx2=(14+μ214x2)y\frac{d^{2} y}{d x^{2}}=\left(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{\mu^{2}-\frac{1}{4}}{x^{2}}\right) y

of the form

y(x)=exp[S0(x)+S1(x)+S2(x)+]y(x)=\exp \left[S_{0}(x)+S_{1}(x)+S_{2}(x)+\ldots\right]

with the assumption that, for large positive xx, the function Sj(x)S_{j}(x) is small compared to Sj1(x)S_{j-1}(x) for all j=1,2j=1,2 \ldots

Obtain equations for the Sj(x),j=0,1,2S_{j}(x), j=0,1,2 \ldots, which are formally equivalent to ( )). Solve explicitly for S0S_{0} and S1S_{1}. Show that it is consistent to assume that Sj(x)=cjx(j1)S_{j}(x)=c_{j} x^{-(j-1)} for some constants cjc_{j}. Give a recursion relation for the cjc_{j}.

Deduce that there exist two linearly independent solutions to ()(\star) with asymptotic expansions as x+x \rightarrow+\infty of the form

y±(x)e±x/2(1+j=1Aj±xj)y_{\pm}(x) \sim e^{\pm x / 2}\left(1+\sum_{j=1}^{\infty} A_{j}^{\pm} x^{-j}\right)

Determine a recursion relation for the Aj±A_{j}^{\pm}. Compute A1±A_{1}^{\pm}and A2±A_{2}^{\pm}.