Paper 2, Section II, H

Graph Theory
Part II, 2017

State and prove Hall's theorem about matchings in bipartite graphs.

Let A=(aij)A=\left(a_{i j}\right) be an n×nn \times n matrix, with all entries non-negative reals, such that every row sum and every column sum is 1. By applying Hall's theorem, show that there is a permutation σ\sigma of {1,,n}\{1, \ldots, n\} such that aiσ(i)>0a_{i \sigma(i)}>0 for all ii.