Paper 3, Section II, I

Algebraic Geometry
Part II, 2018

(a) State the Riemann-Roch theorem.

(b) Let EE be a smooth projective curve of genus 1 over an algebraically closed field kk, with char k2,3k \neq 2,3. Show that there exists an isomorphism from EE to the plane cubic in P2\mathbf{P}^{2} defined by the equation

y2=(xλ1)(xλ2)(xλ3)y^{2}=\left(x-\lambda_{1}\right)\left(x-\lambda_{2}\right)\left(x-\lambda_{3}\right)

for some distinct λ1,λ2,λ3k\lambda_{1}, \lambda_{2}, \lambda_{3} \in k.

(c) Let QQ be the point at infinity on EE. Show that the map ECl0(E),P[PQ]E \rightarrow C l^{0}(E), P \mapsto[P-Q] is an isomorphism.

Describe how this defines a group structure on EE. Denote addition by \boxplus. Determine all the points PEP \in E with PP=QP \boxplus P=Q in terms of the equation of the plane curve in part (b).