Paper 4, Section I, B

Cosmology
Part II, 2018

A constant overdensity is created by taking a spherical region of a flat matterdominated universe with radius Rˉ\bar{R} and compressing it into a region with radius R<RˉR<\bar{R}. The evolution is governed by the parametric equations

R=AR0(1cosθ),t=B(θsinθ)R=A R_{0}(1-\cos \theta), \quad t=B(\theta-\sin \theta)

where R0R_{0} is a constant and

A=Ωm,02(Ωm,01),B=Ωm,02H0(Ωm,01)3/2A=\frac{\Omega_{m, 0}}{2\left(\Omega_{m, 0}-1\right)}, \quad B=\frac{\Omega_{m, 0}}{2 H_{0}\left(\Omega_{m, 0}-1\right)^{3 / 2}}

where H0H_{0} is the Hubble constant and Ωm,0\Omega_{m, 0} is the fractional overdensity at time t0t_{0}.

Show that, as t0+t \rightarrow 0^{+},

R(t)=R0Ωm,01/3a(t)(1120(6tB)2/3+)R(t)=R_{0} \Omega_{m, 0}^{1 / 3} a(t)\left(1-\frac{1}{20}\left(\frac{6 t}{B}\right)^{2 / 3}+\ldots\right)

where the scale factor is given by a(t)=(3H0t/2)2/3a(t)=\left(3 H_{0} t / 2\right)^{2 / 3}.

that, when the spherical overdensity has collapsed to zero radius, the linear perturbation has value δlinear =320(12π)2/3\delta_{\text {linear }}=\frac{3}{20}(12 \pi)^{2 / 3}.