Paper 1, Section II, B

Further Complex Methods
Part II, 2018

The equation

zw+2aw+zw=0,z w^{\prime \prime}+2 a w^{\prime}+z w=0,

where aa is a constant with Rea>0\operatorname{Re} a>0, has solutions of the form

w(z)=γeztf(t)dtw(z)=\int_{\gamma} e^{z t} f(t) d t

for suitably chosen contours γ\gamma and some suitable function f(t)f(t).

(a) Find f(t)f(t) and determine the condition on γ\gamma, which you should express in terms of z,tz, t and aa.

(b) Use the results of part (a) to show that γ\gamma can be a finite contour and specify two possible finite contours with the help of a clearly labelled diagram. Hence, find the corresponding solution of the equation ()(\dagger) in the case a=1a=1.

(c) In the case a=1a=1 and real zz, show that γ\gamma can be an infinite contour and specify two possible infinite contours with the help of a clearly labelled diagram. [Hint: Consider separately the cases z>0z>0 and z<0z<0.] Hence, find a second, linearly independent solution of the equation ( \dagger ) in this case.