(a) Let X be a separable normed space. For any sequence (fn)n∈N⊂X∗ with ∥fn∥⩽1 for all n, show that there is f∈X∗ and a subsequence Λ⊂N such that fn(x)→f(x) for all x∈X as n∈Λ,n→∞. [You may use without proof the fact that X∗ is complete and that any bounded linear map f:D→R, where D⊂X is a dense linear subspace, can be extended uniquely to an element f∈X∗.]
(b) Let H be a Hilbert space and U:H→H a unitary map. Let
I={x∈H:Ux=x},W={Ux−x:x∈H}
Prove that I and W are orthogonal, H=I⊕Wˉ, and that for every x∈H,
n→∞limn1i=0∑n−1Uix=Px
where P is the orthogonal projection onto the closed subspace I.
(c) Let T:C(S1)→C(S1) be a linear map, where S1={eiθ∈C:θ∈R} is the unit circle, induced by a homeomorphism τ:S1→S1 by (Tf)eiθ=f(τ(eiθ)). Prove that there exists μ∈C(S1)∗ with μ(1S1)=1 such that μ(Tf)=μ(f) for all f∈C(S1). (Here 1S1 denotes the function on S1 which returns 1 identically.) If T is not the identity map, does it follow that μ as above is necessarily unique? Justify your answer.