Paper 3, Section II, A

Asymptotic Methods
Part II, 2019

(a) State Watson's lemma for the case when all the functions and variables involved are real, and use it to calculate the asymptotic approximation as xx \rightarrow \infty for the integral II, where

I=0extsin(t2)dtI=\int_{0}^{\infty} e^{-x t} \sin \left(t^{2}\right) d t

(b) The Bessel function Jν(z)J_{\nu}(z) of the first kind of order ν\nu has integral representation

Jν(z)=1Γ(ν+12)π(z2)ν11eizt(1t2)ν1/2dtJ_{\nu}(z)=\frac{1}{\Gamma\left(\nu+\frac{1}{2}\right) \sqrt{\pi}}\left(\frac{z}{2}\right)^{\nu} \int_{-1}^{1} e^{i z t}\left(1-t^{2}\right)^{\nu-1 / 2} d t

where Γ\Gamma is the Gamma function, Re(ν)>1/2\operatorname{Re}(\nu)>1 / 2 and zz is in general a complex variable. The complex version of Watson's lemma is obtained by replacing xx with the complex variable zz, and is valid for z|z| \rightarrow \infty and arg(z)π/2δ<π/2|\arg (z)| \leqslant \pi / 2-\delta<\pi / 2, for some δ\delta such that 0<δ<π/20<\delta<\pi / 2. Use this version to derive an asymptotic expansion for Jν(z)J_{\nu}(z) as z|z| \rightarrow \infty. For what values of arg(z)\arg (z) is this approximation valid?

[Hint: You may find the substitution t=2τ1t=2 \tau-1 useful.]