Paper 1, Section I, 4F4 \mathbf{F}

Automata and Formal Languages
Part II, 2020

Define an alphabet Σ\Sigma, a word over Σ\Sigma and a language over Σ\Sigma.

What is a regular expression RR and how does this give rise to a language L(R)?\mathcal{L}(R) ?

Given any alphabet Σ\Sigma, show that there exist languages LL over Σ\Sigma which are not equal to L(R)\mathcal{L}(R) for any regular expression RR. [You are not required to exhibit a specific LL.]