Let H be a separable Hilbert space and {ei} be a Hilbertian (orthonormal) basis of H. Given a sequence (xn) of elements of H and x∞∈H, we say that xn weakly converges to x∞, denoted xn→x∞, if ∀h∈H,limn→∞⟨xn,h⟩=⟨x∞,h⟩.
(a) Given a sequence (xn) of elements of H, prove that the following two statements are equivalent:
(i) ∃x∞∈H such that xn→x∞;
(ii) the sequence (xn) is bounded in H and ∀i⩾1, the sequence (⟨xn,ei⟩) is convergent.
(b) Let (xn) be a bounded sequence of elements of H. Show that there exists x∞∈H and a subsequence (xϕ(n)) such that xϕ(n)→x∞ in H.
(c) Let (xn) be a sequence of elements of H and x∞∈H be such that xn→x∞. Show that the following three statements are equivalent:
(i) limn→∞∥xn−x∞∥=0;
(ii) limn→∞∥xn∥=∥x∞∥;
(iii) ∀ϵ>0,∃I(ϵ) such that ∀n⩾1,∑i⩾I(ϵ)∣⟨xn,ei⟩∣2<ϵ.